• Home
  • Pro
  • Partners
  • Help and support
  • English (UK)
Pepperstone logo
Pepperstone logo
  • Ways to trade
    • Spread betting

      Bet on global price movements in £ per point

    • CFD trading

      Trade on 1000s of assets without owning them

    • Pricing

      Discover our tight spreads, plus all other possible fees

    • Risk management
    • Trading accounts
    • Trading hours
    • 24-hour trading
    • Maintenance schedule
  • Markets
    • Forex

      Get great rates on majors like EUR/USD, plus minors and exotics

    • Indices

      Enjoy 24-hour pricing on the UK100, US30 and more

    • Commodities

      Trade on metals, energies & softs, with oil spreads from 2 cents

    • Shares
    • ETFs
    • Currency indices
    • Dividends for index CFDs
    • Dividends for share CFDs
    • CFD forwards
  • Trading platforms
    • TradingView

      Trade through the world-famous supercharts with great pricing

    • MetaTrader 5

      Explore the apex in trading automation with our execution tech

    • The Pepperstone platform
    • MetaTrader 4
    • cTrader
    • Trading tools
  • Market analysis
    • Navigating markets

      Latest news and analysis from our experts

    • The Daily Fix

      Your regular round-up of key events

    • Meet the analysts

      Our global team giving your trading the edge

  • About us
    • Who we are

      Pepperstone was born from the dream of making trading better

    • Company news
    • Company awards
    • Protecting clients online
    • Spread betting

      Bet on global price movements in £ per point

    • CFD trading

      Trade on 1000s of assets without owning them

    • Pricing

      Discover our tight spreads, plus all other possible fees

    • Risk management
    • Trading accounts
    • Trading hours
    • 24-hour trading
    • Maintenance schedule
    • Forex

      Get great rates on majors like EUR/USD, plus minors and exotics

    • Indices

      Enjoy 24-hour pricing on the UK100, US30 and more

    • Commodities

      Trade on metals, energies & softs, with oil spreads from 2 cents

    • Shares
    • ETFs
    • Currency indices
    • Dividends for index CFDs
    • Dividends for share CFDs
    • CFD forwards
    • TradingView

      Trade through the world-famous supercharts with great pricing

    • MetaTrader 5

      Explore the apex in trading automation with our execution tech

    • The Pepperstone platform
    • MetaTrader 4
    • cTrader
    • Trading tools
    • Navigating markets

      Latest news and analysis from our experts

    • The Daily Fix

      Your regular round-up of key events

    • Meet the analysts

      Our global team giving your trading the edge

    • Who we are

      Pepperstone was born from the dream of making trading better

    • Company news
    • Company awards
    • Protecting clients online

Understanding Leading, Lagging, and Coincident Indicators

Michael Brown
Michael Brown
Senior Research Strategist
7 Feb 2024
Share
Economic indicators can be classified into one of the three above segments, based on how the indicator in question relates to the broader business cycle.

Leading Indicators

These are economic indicators which display a tendency to change trend in advance of the business cycle, and thereby the overall economy, doing so. As a result, leading indicators can be used in an attempt to predict the timing and direction of future economic shifts, and to define turning points in the business cycle.

Reports on building permits and housing starts are classic examples of a leading indicator, as a rise in either (or both) measures typically signals an increase in construction activity, subsequently suggesting an expanding economy. Sentiment surveys, of both businesses and consumers, are also leading indicators, given the close correlation between sentiment and future spending/investment plans. Some may also consider market-based indicators, such as the yield curve, and performance of equity markets, as leading economic metrics.

Lagging Indicators

Lagging indicators are, in many ways, the opposite of leading indicators, in that they tend to change trend after the overall economy has already done so. Hence, these are indicators which are typically backward-looking and rely on historical data to validate trends that have already occurred.

Many of the most impactful economic releases (in terms of realised market volatility) are lagging indicators, including GDP, labour market reports, inflation releases, and corporate earnings. For example, unemployment rising typically indicates that an economic downturn has already begun, with a softening labour market often one of the final steps before an economy enters recession.

Coincident Indicators

The final classification of indicators are ones which move - roughly speaking - simultaneously with the overall economy, helping to provide as close to a real-time snapshot as possible of economic conditions.

Coincident metrics include industrial production, retail sales, and personal income figures, all of which are typically released very shortly after the survey period concludes, thus helping to give a view of how the economy is performing at that very moment.


Related articles

Understanding Treasury Auction Results

Understanding Treasury Auction Results

Treasuries
Understanding The Business Cycle

Understanding The Business Cycle

Trading Guide
Understanding Retail Sales

Understanding Retail Sales

Understanding PMI Surveys

Understanding PMI Surveys

Understanding Leading, Lagging, and Coincident Indicators

Understanding Leading, Lagging, and Coincident Indicators

Understanding Treasury Auction Results

Understanding Treasury Auction Results

Treasuries
Understanding The Business Cycle

Understanding The Business Cycle

Trading Guide

The material provided here has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research and as such is considered to be a marketing communication. Whilst it is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research we will not seek to take any advantage before providing it to our clients.

Pepperstone doesn’t represent that the material provided here is accurate, current or complete, and therefore shouldn’t be relied upon as such. The information, whether from a third party or not, isn’t to be considered as a recommendation; or an offer to buy or sell; or the solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any security, financial product or instrument; or to participate in any particular trading strategy. It does not take into account readers’ financial situation or investment objectives. We advise any readers of this content to seek their own advice. Without the approval of Pepperstone, reproduction or redistribution of this information isn’t permitted.

Other Sites

  • The Trade Off
  • Partners
  • Group
  • Careers

Ways to trade

  • Pricing
  • Trading accounts
  • Pro
  • Trading hours

Platforms

  • Trading Platforms
  • Trading tools

Markets and Symbols

  • Forex
  • Shares
  • ETFs
  • Indicies
  • Commodities
  • Currency indicies
  • CFD forwards

Analysis

  • Navigating Markets
  • The Daily Fix
  • Meet Our Analysts

Learn to trade

  • Trading guides
  • Videos
  • Webinars
Pepperstone logo
support@pepperstone.com
+448000465473+442038074724
70 Gracechurch St
London EC3V 0HR
United Kingdom
  • Legal documents
  • Privacy policy
  • Website terms and conditions
  • Cookie policy
  • Sitemap

© 2025 Pepperstone Limited 
Company Number 08965105 | Financial Conduct Authority Firm Registration Number 684312

Risk warning: Spread bets and CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 73.7% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading spread bets and CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how spread bets and CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Trading derivatives is risky. It isn't suitable for everyone and, in the case of Professional clients, you could lose substantially more than your initial investment. You don't own or have rights in the underlying assets. Past performance is no indication of future performance and tax laws are subject to change. The information on this website is general in nature and doesn't take into account your or your client's personal objectives, financial circumstances, or needs. Please read our legal documents and ensure you fully understand the risks before you make any trading decisions. We encourage you to seek independent advice.

Pepperstone Limited is a limited company registered in England & Wales under Company Number 08965105 and is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (Registration Number 684312). Registered office: 70 Gracechurch Street, London EC3V 0HR, United Kingdom.

The information on this site is not intended for residents of Belgium or the United States, or use by any person in any country or jurisdiction where such distribution or use would be contrary to local law or regulation.