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Oil

Petróleo bajo presión ante incertidumbre y OPEP+

Quasar Elizundia, CMT
Quasar Elizundia, CMT
Research Strategist
22 May 2025
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El precio del petróleo experimentó nuevas presiones bajistas durante la jornada del jueves, situándose alrededor de la barrera psicológica clave de $60 por barril, nivel que, aunque resistió temporalmente, mantiene cierto nivel de incertidumbre.

Este descenso marcó su nivel más bajo en casi dos semanas, resaltando las tensiones subyacentes en el mercado energético global.

El principal hidrocarburo ha estado operando recientemente bajo una significativa incertidumbre, influenciada por factores tanto del lado de la oferta como por cuestiones geopolíticas globales. En este sentido, la situación fiscal en Estados Unidos continúa generando dudas, limitando las posibilidades de recuperación del crudo. El incremento en el déficit fiscal estadounidense ha exacerbado las preocupaciones del mercado, extendiendo su impacto hacia una venta generalizada de activos, lo que indirectamente ha afectado también los precios del petróleo.

Adicionalmente, las noticias sobre un posible aumento de producción por parte de la OPEP+ han ejercido presión adicional. El grupo está evaluando un incremento de 411,000 barriles diarios adicionales para julio, aunque aún no hay un acuerdo final. Esta posibilidad ha intensificado los temores de un exceso de oferta, agravados por un aumento inesperado en los inventarios de crudo en EE. UU., que según la EIA crecieron en 1.3 millones de barriles la última semana, alcanzando los 443.2 millones, en contra de expectativas de reducción.

La combinación de incertidumbre fiscal y mayor producción potencial de la OPEP+ limita el margen de recuperación del precio del “oro negro”. Estas preocupaciones han contrarrestado parcialmente los temores geopolíticos generados por reportes de que Israel podría considerar ataques a instalaciones nucleares iraníes. En este contexto, los mercados observan la quinta ronda de negociaciones nucleares entre EE. UU. e Irán, prevista para este fin de semana, lo que podría reducir riesgos de interrupciones de suministro desde Medio Oriente.

Mirando hacia adelante, es probable que la combinación de factores fiscales en EE. UU., las decisiones de la OPEP+ el 1 de junio, y el resultado de las negociaciones nucleares mantengan una alta volatilidad en el petróleo. El mercado anticipa que la estrategia del cartel podría centrarse en recuperar cuota de mercado más que defender precios, lo que podría mantener los precios deprimidos en el corto plazo.

Desde un punto de vista técnico, la mezcla estadounidense parece atrapada entre dos niveles clave: el soporte anterior en $62 ahora actuando como resistencia, y la extensión de Fibonacci del 61.8% de la estructura bajista previa, ubicada en torno a los $55. Este rango sugiere que el mercado podría seguir operando con cautela hasta que se rompa alguno de estos niveles, lo que marcaría un nuevo sesgo direccional.

En definitiva, el panorama del petróleo enfrenta múltiples retos e incertidumbres, que deberán seguirse de cerca en los próximos días para evaluar el rumbo futuro de los precios del crudo.

Gráfico semanal petróleo:

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